Les méthodes et pratiques de recherche des chercheurs

Contenus

• Information-Seeking Behavior of Academic Meteorologists and the Role of Information Specialists
  Cet article analyse les comportements et les habitudes de recherche d'information des météorologues en milieu académique. L'auteure étudie l'impact des évolutions technologiques et des ressources numériques sur l'accès à la littérature scientifique, les canaux de communication privilégiés entre spécialistes, ainsi que les spécificités documentaires propres aux sciences de l'atmosphère.
• Interdisciplinarity and the information-seeking behavior of scientists
  Cet article étudie l'impact du degré d'interdisciplinarité sur le comportement de recherche d'information des chercheurs en physique et en astronomie. Les auteurs analysent comment la transversalité entre sous-disciplines influence la fréquence de recherche, les méthodes de veille scientifique, ainsi que la dépendance accrue envers les moteurs de recherche et les bases de données multidisciplinaires.
• Information-Seeking Habits of Environmental Scientists: A Study of Interdisciplinary Scientists at the Environmental Protection Agency in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
  Cette étude examine les habitudes de recherche et d'utilisation de l'information chez les chercheurs interdisciplinaires en science de l'environnement à l'Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). L'auteure analyse les canaux d'information privilégiés, la fréquence d'utilisation des ressources électroniques et imprimées, ainsi que l'impact de la transversalité disciplinaire sur les stratégies d'accès et de veille documentaire.
• Modeling the information‐seeking behavior of social scientists: Ellis's study revisited
  Cet article réexamine et élargit le modèle théorique de comportement d'information de David Ellis à partir d'une étude menée auprès de chercheurs en sciences sociales. Les auteurs identifient de nouvelles phases et caractéristiques complexes du processus de recherche documentaire (telles que l'accès, le suivi et la gestion des informations), démontrant ainsi comment les méthodes de recherche d'information sont façonnées par les exigences et spécificités propres aux sciences sociales
• Annotation as process: A vital information seeking activity in historical geographic research
  Cet article examine le rôle de l'annotation en tant qu'activité centrale dans le processus de recherche d'information chez les chercheurs en géographie historique. A Travers l'observation des pratiques documentaires, l'auteure démontre que l'annotation ne se limite pas à une simple prise de notes, mais constitue un processus cognitif et analytique essentiel qui structure l'organisation, l'évaluation et l'intégration des sources historiques et spatiales
• The Information-Seeking Behavior of Social Science Faculty at the University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus
• Scholarly use of information: graduate students' information seeking behaviour
• Les pratiques informationnelles des chercheurs dans l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche : regards sur la décennie 2000-2010
• Information seeking behaviour of astronomy/astrophysics scientists
  Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine different aspects of information seeking behaviour, and specifically the information seeking behaviour and information needs of Indian astronomy/astrophysics academics, including the relationship between various variables such as academic, rank‐wise statuses, age‐wise of characteristics, and methods for keeping their knowledge up‐to‐date. Design/methodology/approach A stratified random sample survey was used for gathering data. However, to support and authenticate the data quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. The questionnaire was mailed and was also available online. Some 400 academics from 12 astronomy and astrophysics information centres and libraries were surveyed using the questionnaire and were interviewed. The questionnaire response rate was 72 percent (288/400). Findings The study findings show: differences in information seeking behaviour and needs for various academic is sub‐fields of Indian astronomy/astrophysics, and highlights the value of information seeking behaviour to scientists working in astronomy/astrophysics. The study concludes that astronomy/astrophysics academics were making use of Astrophysics Data System followed by their use of e‐archives for education and research. Astronomy/astrophysics academics work in a unique setting with specialized needs. The study findings underscored the need to continue accessing specialized needs to find innovative solutions. There are challenges and opportunities for exciting new initiatives. Originality/value This is the first in‐depth study in India exploring the information seeking behaviour and information needs of astronomy/astrophysics academics. It also gives the latest account of information seeking behaviour of information users in astronomy/astrophysics discipline. The study is also expected to guide other information service organisations to cope with their users' needs, by adopting survey methods, tools, protocols used in this study.
• The Information-Seeking Habits of Graduate Student Researchers in the Humanities
• The Collection and Use of Information by Some American Historians: A Study of Motives and Methods
  Previous literature on the information needs and uses of historians has tended to focus on the use of libraries and specific types of materials, rather than on the motivations for, and results of, such use. Yet understanding this prior process of historical inquiry might help us to develop improved services and facilities for scholars. A study of twenty American historians was conducted in order to better understand the nature of research in history. Respondents were asked about their choice of research topics, specific projects in progress, use of archives, categorization of materials collected, writing habits, and use of computers. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using standard, qualitative techniques. The results are discussed in the light of previous investigations of historians and the published statements of classification experts regarding the organization of historical knowledge. Suggestions for future study of historians are offered, and implications for libraries are explored.
• Enquête sur le comportement informationnel de chercheurs en sciences humaines dans un service d'archives municipales
• The Information Needs of Historians
  This article reports the results of a survey of historians in different fields of history. It includes information on the formats from which they get their information, where they find relevant references, and how they use materials in foreign languages. The results are compared with those found in other surveys and with citation studies
• Accidentally Found on Purpose: Information-Seeking Behavior of Historians in Archives
  This article reports on a qualitative research study of the information-seeking behavior of historians. Based on semistructured interviews with ten midcareer historians, it investigates how they locate primary sources, carry out their research, and use archival material. The study identified four different types of information-seeking activities, including (1) orienting oneself to archives, finding aids, sources, or a collection; (2) seeking known material; (3) building contextual knowledge; and (4) identifying relevant material.
• Historians and Their Information Sources
  Cet article présente les résultats d'une enquête menée auprès d'historiens et d'une analyse de citations, afin de réexaminer les questions abordées dans l'article de Margaret F. Stieg paru en 1981 dans la revue College & Research Libraries. Il analyse les documents que les historiens jugent les plus importants et leurs méthodes de recherche. Leurs attitudes envers les ressources électroniques et leur utilisation de celles-ci ont également été étudiées. Nombre de caractéristiques des besoins et des pratiques informationnelles des historiens sont restées inchangées depuis une génération : les méthodes de recherche informelles, telles que les comptes rendus d'ouvrages et la consultation de documents, demeurent importantes, de même que la nécessité de recherches exhaustives. Le support imprimé reste le format principal. Ce qui a évolué, c'est que l'avènement des ressources électroniques a accru le recours des historiens aux catalogues et aux index pour identifier les sources primaires et secondaires pertinentes.
• Information Acquisition in History Ph.d. Students: Inferencing and the Formation of Knowledge Structures
  The author reports the results of a study of forty-five Ph.D. history students who were asked questions about cognitive activity related to information events. Using Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss' grounded theory approach, two overall categories of cognitive activity were observed: categories about knowledge structure and categories about information process. Teun van Dijk and Walter Kintsch's "situation model" theory of reading comprehension and Leo Noordman and Wietske Vonk's research into elaborative inferencing form the theoretical framework for the study. In light of the results, three tentative conclusions are made about the characteristics of Ph.D. history students' knowledge structure and information process: (1) they become informed in a four-part information process; (2) they have a two-part knowledge structure, which allows for data storage; and (3) as a result of these two characteristics, elaborative inferencing for history Ph.D. students is hybrid, occurring both "on-line" and "off-line." The hybrid nature of their elaborative inferencing may be one of the features that distinguish the domain expert from the domain novice.
• Information needs and gathering patterns of academic social scientists, with special emphasis given to historians and their use of U.S. Government publications
  This paper addresses the information needs and gathering behavior of historians and other members of the academic social science community. In addition, it looks at the competitive information environment and views libraries as one of many providers. The existing research is fragmentary and, by far, too incomplete to be useful to librarians in developing collections and services to meet the information needs of historians and to accommodate their preferences for information gathering. The paper suggests the need for further research, identifies factors to take into account in formulating appropriate research designs, and offers research models worthy of replication or further exploration. Without a more extensive research base, a number of library and information programs and services may well be based on a misunderstanding of the current and future information needs and gathering strategies of possible client groups.
• Conversations with Chemists: Information-Seeking Behavior of Chemistry Faculty in the Electronic Age
  Six faculty members in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Texas at Austin were interviewed one-on-one to gather information about their information-seeking behavior, favored resources, and opinions about the transition from a print to an electronic information environment. In most cases, these chemistry faculty members have eagerly embraced the enhanced access to chemical information made possible by the steady addition of electronic journals and networked database systems. The most-cited benefits include significant time-saving and convenience as well as access to more journals than ever. As a result, use of the physical library and its printed collections by faculty is declining. Chemistry faculty interviewed expressed a strong self-reliance in their information-seeking skills and showed sophistication in their choice of tools.
• Information Use by Molecular Biologists: Implications for Library Collections and Services
  This article reports on findings from a citation analysis of publications of a group of university molecular biology faculty. The study examined the formats and disciplines of materials cited in published articles to determine the nature of information used in their research. Citations in molecular biologists’ publications are overwhelmingly to journal articles, with the largest number of citations to journals that class in biology. The specialization displays a very high level of immediacy with a citation half-life of referenced articles just over four years. Ranked lists of journals cited provide insights to support library decision-making. The authors explore implications for library information services, collection development and management, and the potential for electronic services to this population. This research provided data on a local user population and also identified a methodology that may be utilized in other settings.
• Discovering Information Use in Agricultural Economics: A Citation Study
  This citation study investigated the research needs and activity of U.S. agricultural economists. Journals were the dominant format of cited sources. Books, government publications, and working papers formed the other important types of references, whereas electronic sources were sparsely used. Subject scatter in this interdisciplinary field was changed over time.
• Ordre et désordre dans les pratiques informationnelles des enseignants-chercheurs de psychologie et d'espagnol
  L'étude interroge le rôle de la discipline dans les apprentissages info-documentaires. Elle confirme son rôle structurant dans l'affiliation : pratiques informationnelles différentes, existence d'outils privilégiés etc. Mais elle révèle surtout l'existence de désordres liés à l'arrivée massive du numérique. Au-delà des différences disciplinaires se fait jour une inquiétude partagée sur les valeurs et les conditions de la transmission. L'ordre séculaire de la transmission des savoirs, garanti par la bibliothèque et le livre, se voit remis en cause par les nouvelles pratiques.
• Information scientifique dans un champ d’études pluridisciplinaire, la Bande dessinée : état des lieux et analyse dans des approches info-communicationnelle et documentologique
  La question de l’Information scientifique est essentielle pour toute démarche de recherche scientifique pour toutes les disciplines et constitue un secteur important de la réflexion des SIC. Elle se pose avec chaque objet d’étude, mais tout particulièrement pour un objet d’étude mal reconnu au sein de la communauté universitaire française, sa pluridisciplinarité ayant tendance à le diviser et à le marginaliser : la Bande dessinée. L’objectif est de faire une analyse de l’existant en moyens et pratiques d’information scientifique sur la bande dessinée, de sa qualité, sa pertinence, sa fiabilité et son autorité et d’étudier l’environnement de la recherche universitaire sur ce champ.Une démarche d’exploration du milieu par enquête et interviews a permis d’éclairer la situation et de soulever les problèmes des pratiques informationnelles des chercheurs, de la connaissance des outils documentaires et des démarches de recherche d’information. L’exploitation de divers outils a permis de tester la recherche documentaire des thèses et des articles, de noter les problèmes posés et les lacunes techniques rencontrées et a abouti en particulier à un tableau exhaustif des 207 thèses soutenues sur la bande dessinée depuis 1968. Cette étude débouche sur l’affirmation de la nécessité d’élaborer un espace d’information et de communication scientifiques assurant la médiation dans la triade système-acteur-information.
• Information-seeking behavior and the use of online resources: a snapshot of current health sciences faculty